国际汉语教学的语言文字标准问题

Linguistic Standards of Chinese as a Foreign Language

汉语教学语言文字标准的学术研究和战略规划,是国际汉语教学一项重要的顶层设计。本文建议:国内外汉语教学的语言和文字标准均宜采用"双轨制"。语言标准上,国内采取"普通话"和"地方普通话"双标准,海外采取"普通话"和"大华语"双标准。文字标准上,海内外均采用"规范汉字"和"汉语拼音"双标准。其中,普通话和规范汉字,在国内均为法定标准,在海外均为理想标准;地方普通话和大华语分别是国内和海外合格的、规范的语言标准;汉语拼音在海内外汉语教学领域均为合格的、规范的文字标准。显然,多元标准有助于满足多元化汉语教学的需要,有助于加快汉语的国际化进程。

The strategic planning of the linguistic standards of Chinese as a Foreign Language is essential to the top-level educational design of international Chinese language teaching and learning. This paper argues that the linguistic standards should operate a two-track mechanism respectively in China and abroad. ＂Putonghua＂ and ＂local Putonghua＂ should be used in domestic China; ＂Putonghua＂ and ＂Chinese as a lingua franca＂ can be adopted in overseas. In terms of writing script, both ＂Standard Chinese Characters＂ and ＂Hanyu Pinyin＂ should be adopted. Amongst these standards, ＂Putonghua＂ and ＂Standard Chinese Characters＂ are stipulated as the formal standards in the national language policy, whereas they remain at an ideal level of linguistic standards for Chinese teaching overseas. In particular, ＂local Putonghua＂ and ＂Chinese as a lingua franca＂ should be acted as the linguistic standards in China and overseas respectively, while ＂Hanyu Pinyin＂ should be accepted as a linguistic standard in Chinese teaching in both China and overseas. Apparently, a pluralistic standard may help to accelerate the internationalization of Chinese as a Foreign Language in the global context.