知识演化与生物进化的类比——库恩的后达尔文主义思想评析

The Analogy Between Knowledge Evolution and Biological Evolution——On Kuhn's “Post-Darwinian” Thought

库恩反对真理符合论和科学发展累积式进步观,在《科学革命的结构》中从历时性角度论证生物进化与科学知识演化之间的类似,晚年更提出生物进化与知识演化的共时性类比,较好地揭示了科学知识演化的实质,对于科学革命在结构上给出更深刻的阐释。库恩的后达尔文主义可名之为认识论的反目的论。

Kuhn opposes the correspondence theory of truth. In The Structure of Scientific Revolution, noticing the parallel between Darwinian evolution and the evolution of knowledge, Kuhn puts forward the diachronic analogy and discusses his viewpoint of development of science. In his later years Kuhn claims to be ＂post-Darwinian-Kantiauism＂ , uses the synchronic analogy of biological evolution and knowledge evolution to reveal the essence of the scientific knowledge evolution, and gives a more profound explanation on the structure of revolution and development of science. Kuhn＇s ＂Post-Darwinian＂ could be named as epistemological anti-teleology.