论莱布尼茨的认知过程思想

Leibniz's Cognitive Process Thought

莱布尼茨将认知看作是心灵特有的活动,心灵的认知是一个连续的过程。心灵的认知首先需要感觉作为一种"机缘"促发认知的开始。在感觉和内在注意的共同作用下,微知觉不断地影像化,同时天赋观念不断地以潜在转化为现实,微知觉便实现了对认知的建构。进而心灵通过反省和推理将天赋观念从自身中"抽引"出来,最后通过统觉对认知的整合才使整个认知过程得以完成。莱布尼茨虽然承认感觉作为认知机缘的必要性,但他也认为感觉是有限的,认知的缘起需要感觉和注意作为双重来源,并且整个认知活动都是心灵自身的内在活动。这体现了他作为理性主义者尝试对经验论和唯理论的调和,他的认知思想也充分体现了他为调和二者所作的努力。

Leibniz thinks that cognition is the unique activity of mind, and the cognition of mind is both a continuous process and an orderly system. The cognition of mind first demands sense as an occasion to trigger cognitive activities. As a joint result of sense and internal attention, minute perceptions turn into the images, while innate ideas constantly change from potential into reality. Therefore, minute perceptions realize the construction to cognition. And through reflection and reasoning, mind would draw innate ideas out of itself. Finally, the whole cognitive process would be completed through the integration of apperceptions. Though Leibniz acknowledges the role of sense as an occasion at the beginning of cognition, he denies that sense could bring mind any universal truths. On the side of the rationalist, he considers that sense is limited, cognitive origin needs sense and atten tion as a dual source, and the entire cognitive activities are internal activities of mind. This reflects that he, as a rationalist, attempted to reconcile the empiricism and the rationalism, and his cognitive thought fully reflects his efforts to reconcile the two.