学龄前儿童性别角色行为环境影响因素分析

Environmental factors influencing behavioral sexual dimorphism in preschool-age children

目的探讨可能影响学龄前儿童性别角色行为改变的周围环境因素。方法以山东省青岛市某区所有幼儿园720名儿童为调查对象,采用自行设计调查问卷搜集儿童的周围环境情况,同时填写反映大脑统合感觉发育异常(SPD)的感觉统合量表和评价儿童两性行为角色分化的学龄前儿童活动调查表(PSAI)。结果有SPD症状女童的女性化得分为(41.78±6.56)分,明显高于无症状组的(40.34±6.89)分(P<0.01);儿童年龄与其异性化得分均呈负相关,男女童相关系数r分别为-0.113和-0.126(均P<0.01);女童每天看电视时间或男童每天玩电脑时间与其女性化得分呈负相关,r分别为-0.067、-0.074(均P<0.05);父母受教育程度越高,男女童的PSAI得分越高(线性趋势检验P<0.05),离交通主干道越远或对多化学物质过敏的儿童,其PSAI女性化得分越高(P<0.05)。结论儿童早期感觉统合可能与其性别角色分化有关,同时,儿童的一些行为及周围环境化学物质暴露可能影响儿童的性别角色分化。

Objective To explore possible environmental factors influencing behavioral sexual dimorphism in pre- school-age children. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information on ambient environment among the parents of 720 preschool-age children from 4 kindergartens in one district in Qingdao city, Shandong province ; Pre-School Activities Inventory（PSAI） and Sensory Integrative Inventory were also employed simultaneously to assess behavioral sexual dimorphism and symptoms of sensory processing dysfunction（ SPD） among the children. Results The girls with SPD symptoms had significantly higher PSAI scores than those without SPD symptoms （41.78 _＋ 6. 56 vs. 40. 34 _＋ 6.89, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Significantly negative correlation was found between children＇s ages and their opposite sexual PSAI scores（ r = -0. 113 in the boys and r = -0. 126 in the girls） ,respectively. The PSAI score of the children was pos- itively correlated with their parents＇ educational levels（ P 〈 0. 05 for linear trend test）. Higher feminine PSAI scores were found among the children living in the area far from major traffic roads or being sensitive to multiple chemicals （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion Sensory integration in early childhood might be associated with the sexual dimorphism and daily living activities of themselves and environmental chemical factors might influence sexual dimorphism of the children.