贵阳市云岩区疫苗接种“妈妈课堂”实施效果分析

Effect of 'mom classroom'-an education program on vaccination among parents of infants in Yunyan district of Guiyang city

目的分析疫苗接种"妈妈课堂"培训前后相关免疫规划知识知晓率,评价健康教育干预的效果,探索新的免疫规划健康教育模式。方法对2014年7—12月在贵州省贵阳市云岩区47所预防接种门诊首次建卡儿童的家长进行疫苗接种"妈妈课堂"培训,通过4 420份问卷调查,分析比较培训前后免疫规划知识知晓率。结果培训前、后家长免疫规划知识总知晓率[培训前70.4%、培训后85.3%]及9个免疫规划知识相关问题知晓率的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01);培训前除不同性别家长免疫规划知识知晓率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,知晓率在不同居住属性[城郊结合部71.1%(17 309/24 342)、城中心区69.1%(9 662/13 981)]、不同户籍(流动71.5%、常住69.3%)、不同文化程度(小学69.6%,初中71.8%,高中70.9%,大专及以上70.0%)、对疫苗接种知识是否了解(了解72.9%,不了解69.1%)的家长中差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);培训后仅不同文化程度家长知晓率(小学80.8%,初中84.4%,高中86.1%,大专及以上86.1%)差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其余不同居住属性、户籍、性别、对疫苗接种知识是否了解的家长知晓率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论疫苗接种"妈妈课堂"这种新型健康教育模式的实施,可以增加儿童家长对预防接种知识的认知,提高儿童家长预防接种的积极性、主动性。

Objective To analyze the awareness rate of immunization-related knowledge before and after the imple- mentation of ＇mom classroom＇ - a training program among parents of infants and to explore new patterns for health edu- cation on immunization. Methods Totally 4 420 parents visiting 47 vaccination clinics for the first immunization sched- ule registration of theininfants were recruited for a training program on vaccination, namely ＇mom classroom＇, and sur- veyed with a questionnaire on vaccination related knowledge before and after the training from July to December,2014. Results Among the participants, the awareness rate of Expanded Programme on Immunization （EPI） were 70. 4% and 85.3 % and there were significant differences in the awareness rates of 9 items of EPI before and after the training （ all P 〈 0. 01 ）. There were significant differences in the awareness rate of EPI among the participants with different living places （71.1% for suburban area and 69. 1% for urban area）, household registration status （71.5 % for the migrants and 69. 3% for the permanent residents） ,education level（69.6% for primary school,71.8% for junior high school,70. 9% for senior high school, and 70. 0% for college or above）, and whether having knowledge about vaccination procedures （72. 9% for those answering ＇ yes＇ and 69. 1% for ＇ no＇ ） before the training （ all P 〈 0. 05 ）, while there was only a difference in the rate among the participants with different education level（ 80. 8% for primary school,84.4% for junior high school, 86. 1% for senior high school, and 86. 1% for college or above） after the training （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion As a new model of health education, ＇mom classroom＇ program could improve the awareness of knowledge about EPI among the parents of infants and promote the initiative for their babies＇ vaccination.