山东省部分地区中小学生近视防治知识、态度和行为调查

Knowledge,attitude and practice about myopia in primary and middle school students in some regions of Shandong province

目的了解山东省部分地区中小学生近视防治知识知晓情况、态度和行为现状,为进一步完善眼健康教育和行为干预策略提供科学依据。方法采取整群随机抽样方法,在山东省冠县和威海市随机抽取小学、初中和高中共12所学校的5 193名学生,对其近视防治知识、态度及相关行为进行问卷调查。结果小学生对于"近视的治疗方法"知晓率最低,仅为31.79%,初中生和高中生对于"假性近视的矫正方法"知晓率最低,分别为40.47%和58.00%;对自己的视力很担忧、担忧、不担忧和无所谓者所占比例分别为53.48%、27.46%、12.48%和6.57%;近视学生"经常躺卧看书"行为发生率(19.00%)明显高于非近视学生(8.29%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=126.70,P<0.05);随着年级的增高,调查地区学生"经常躺卧看书"和"长时间用眼注意眼睛休息"的行为发生率均呈现逐渐增高的趋势(χ2趋势=81.10、9.99,均P<0.05)。结论调查地区中小学生视力健康相关防治知识知晓率不高,防治态度和行为有待转变。

Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice（KAP） about myopia prevention in primary and middle school students in some regions of Shandong province ,and to provide evidences for eye health education and be- havioral intervention. Methods Totally 5 193 students were selected from 12 elementary,middle and high schools in Guanxian county and Weihai city of Shandong province using random cluster sampling and investigated with a question- nalre survey. Results Only 31.79% of primary school students knew about treatment methods of myopia, and only 40.47% of junior school students and 58.00% of senior high school students knew about treatment of pseudomyopia. Of all the students,53.48 % ,27.46%, 12. 48 %, and 6. 57 % were very worried, worded, not worded, or not concerned about their eyesight, respectively. Of the students with myopia, 19 % reported reading while lying in bed, whereas only 8.29% of the students with normal eyesight reported reading while lying in bed （X2 = 126. 70, P 〈 0. 05 ）. The students of higher grade reported higher rates of reading while lying in bed frequently and relaxing the eyes after reading for a long time （X2 = 81. 10 and 9.99, P 〈 0. 05 for all）. Conclusion The knowledge rates for myopia prevention and control were low among the students in some regions of Shandong province, suggesting the attitude and practice about eye health need to be strengthened in the students.