硝基苯催化加氢合成对氨基苯酚的绿色清洁工艺

Green and Clean Technology for Preparation of p-Aminophenol by Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene

对氨基苯酚是一种重要的化工原料及医药中间体。由硝基苯合成对氨基苯酚具有明显的原料优势,并且具有流程短、能耗低等优点;但该方法通常以传统液体强酸为催化剂,存在设备腐蚀、需要用碱中和反应后的残余酸,产生大量盐固体废弃物等问题。因此,开发硝基苯加氢合成对氨基苯酚的绿色工艺具有重要的意义,也是近年研究的热点。现阶段的研究主要集中在开发可替代传统液体酸的催化剂,如固体酸、酸性离子液体、路易斯酸、二氧化碳-水以及固体酸负载金属纳米粒子双效催化剂等,并取得了较大的进展。本文主要综述和评价如上绿色酸催化体系中硝基苯加氢合成对氨基苯酚的最新进展并对其未来发展进行了展望。

p-Aminophenol （PAP） is an important chemical and pharmaceutical intermediate. Its synthesis from nitrobenzene （NB） has obvious advantages from the view of raw material, and the short reaction process as well as the low energy consumption. However, conventional liquid acid is usually used as catalyst in this reaction, which brings serious corrosion of equipment. Alkali is used to neutralize acid after the reaction to produce a great deal of solid waste of salt. Therefore, green great significance, and becomes one of the hot research topics on searching for benign alternative to conventional liquid acid technology for preparation of PAP from NB is of in these years. Most interests have been focused , and some progresses have been achieved, such as solid acid, acidic ionic liquid, Lewis acid, CO2-H2O system, and bi-functional catalysts with solid acid supported metal nanoparticles. Herein, we review the latest progresses on the hydrogenation of NB to PAP with these environmental benign acid catalysts and give the future development prospects.