长江流域泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅种质资源调查与研究

Investigation of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Paramisgurnus dabryanus in the Yangtze River basin

对长江流域泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅野生群体进行了系统资源调查,结果显示,二倍体泥鳅(2n)与多倍体泥鳅(3n,4n,5n)在长江流域均有分布,其中二倍体泥鳅数目占有绝对优势,少量多倍体泥鳅集中分布于长江流域中游地区及若干湖泊。此外,显著性分析表明,泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的雌性个体都显著大于雄性个体,两物种间个体大小无显著性差异。二倍体泥鳅的体长与体质量明显小于三倍体泥鳅及四倍体泥鳅,而三倍体泥鳅与四倍体泥鳅间无显著性差异。野生群体中,泥鳅雌性个体所占比例从上游到下游逐渐减少,大鳞副泥鳅无明显变化。相关性分析显示,泥鳅体质量与地域经度呈负相关,大鳞副泥鳅体质量与地域经度无显著相关性。研究表明,长江流域多倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅物种资源丰富。

The distribution patterns of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Paramisgurnus dabryanus were investigated in the Yangtze River basin. Specimens of four different ploidy levels were found as diploid（ 2n = 50）,triploid（ 3n = 75）,tetraploid（ 4n = 100） and pentaploid（ 5n = 125）. Diploids were dominant,exhibiting broadly ecological amplitude. Polypoid M. anguillicaudatus populations were concentrated in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and its subsidiary lakes. The weight of females in both M.anguillicaudatus and P. dabryanus was significantly greater than that in males（ P 0. 05）. However,there was no statistically significant difference between the growth traits of two species. The body length and weight of diploid M. anguillicaudatus were lower than that of triploid（ P 0. 05） and tetraploid（ P 0. 01）. There was no significant difference in growth traits between triploid and tetraploid M.anguillicaudatus. Female proportion in M. anguillicaudatus populations gradually decreased from upstream to downstream,whereas in P. Dabryanus it fluctuated and no obvious trend was observed. The GLM linear regression analysis found that the body weight of M. anguillicaudatus was negatively correlated with longitude（ r =- 0. 510）,while no significant correlation was observed for P. Dabryanus（ r =- 0. 177）.This study proves the presence of P. Dabryanus and M. anguillicaudatus specimens of four different ploidy levels in natural populations in the Yangtze River basin,suggesting the need for further scientific attention and consideration of possible conservation measures.