天津地区230例儿童慢性荨麻疹过敏原检测结果分析

Analysis on allergen detection results in 230 children with chronic urticaria in Tianjin

目的探讨天津地区儿童慢性荨麻疹患者的过敏原分布情况,以便为以后的针对性防治工作提供理论依据。方法选取2010年11月-2013年10月在该科就诊的慢性荨麻疹患儿230例为研究对象,采用生物共振技术对其进行过敏原检测。结果 230例患者中,过敏原检测结果阳性226例（98.26%）,食入性过敏原阳性率为93.04%,其中鸡蛋（54.78%）、牛奶（52.17%）、海鲜（44.78%）为主要食入性过敏原;吸入性过敏原阳性率为54.78%,主要为动物皮毛（31.30%）、屋尘（28.70%）及粉尘螨（21.30%）,食入性与吸入性均阳性者114例（49.57%）;不同年龄组患儿食入性和吸入性过敏原阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。随年龄增长,吸入性过敏原阳性率逐渐升高,食入性过敏原阳性率较婴儿期减少,但各组仍以食入性过敏原为主;不同季节荨麻疹食入性和吸入性过敏原阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论该地区不同年龄慢性荨麻疹患儿过敏原分布不同,过敏原检测对荨麻疹的预防、诊断和治疗有重要指导意义。

Objective To explore the distribution of allergens in children with chronic urticaria in Tianjin,provide theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of chronic urticaria in children in the future. Methods A total of 230 children with chronic urticaria treated in the hospital from November 2010 to October 2013 were selected,biological resonance technology was used to detect the allergens.Results Among 230 children with chronic urticaria,226 children（ 98. 26%） were found with positive allergens,the positive rate of food allergens was 93. 04%; eggs（ 54. 78%）,milk（ 52. 17%）,and seafood（ 44. 78%） were main food allergens; the positive rate of inhaled allergens was 54. 78%,animal fur（ 31. 30%）,house dust（ 28. 70%）,and Dermatophagoides culinae（ 21. 30%） were main inhaled allergens; both positive food allergens and positive inhaled allergens were found in 114 children（ 49. 57%）; there were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of food allergens and inhaled allergens among the children in different age groups（ P 〈0. 05）. The positive rate of inhaled allergens increased gradually with age,the positive rate of food allergens was lower than that in infants,but food allergens were still the main type; there were no statistically significant difference in the positive rates of food allergens and inhaled allergens among different seasons（ P 〉0. 05）. Conclusion The distribution of allergens in children with chronic urticaria in Tianjin is different,allergen detection has important guiding significance for prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of chronic urticaria in children.