PDC钻头布齿计算方法的研究现状及发展

Research Status and Development of Calculation Method for PDC Bit Tooth Arrangement

PDC钻头布齿计算是为了确定钻头上各个切削齿在空间中的坐标位置。针对同一优化目标不同的计算方法得出的切削齿位置差别很大,设计出的PDC钻头性能也会截然不同。以近年来国内外PDC钻头布齿设计研究的文献为基础,论述了PDC钻头3原则布齿和力平衡布齿的最新进展,提出了研究中存在的问题。经分析知,PDC钻头布齿设计的计算方法大多以经典3原则为基础,且以等体积为布齿原则进行计算的研究较多;力平衡布齿是PDC钻头稳定性设计的核心,但由于对切削载荷模型研究的限制,其结果与实际差距较大。PDC钻头布齿设计计算方法的研究仍处于对计算模型简化的阶段,随着PDC钻头个性化设计的提出,针对不同钻头性能与要求,综合考虑整个钻井因素进行布齿是今后PDC钻头设计研究的重点。

Calculation for PDC bit tooth arrangement is conducted to determine coordinate position of each cut- ting tooth in the space. For the same optimization objective, different calculation methods may derive distinct posi- tions, thereby corresponding to PDC bits with extremely different performances. Based on foreign and domestic litera- tures on design and research for PDC bit tooth arrangement in recent years, the latest development of three-principle tooth arrangement and force balance tooth arrangement of PDC bit is discussed to highlight the problems in the re- search. According to analysis results, calculation for PDC bit tooth arrangement is mostly based on the classic three- principle, especially the equal volume principle. Force balance tooth arrangement is the core of PDC bit stability de- sign, but its results are highly deviated from actual conditions due to limitation of study on cutting load model. The study on calculation methods for PDC bit tooth arrangements remains in the stage when simplification of calculation model is pursued. As the personalized design of PDC bit is proposed, all drilling factors will be considered depending on bit performance and requirements.