中国煤矿水灾事故不安全动作原因对比研究

Comparative study on unsafe acts in case of water flooding accidents with domestic coal mines

中国是世界上煤矿水灾事故频发的国家之一,重特大水灾事故时有发生。为了分析事故发生原因并从安全管理方面予以预防,采用事故统计、案例分析和分组对比相结合的方法,以1990—2009年发生的142起煤矿水灾事故为例,对煤矿水灾不安全动作等原因进行了研究,得出了不安全动作类型、不安全动作构成比例及不安全动作的发出者在水灾事故中的特点。结果表明:1)1990—2009年,违章放炮等23小类不安全动作一直存在,16小类不安全动作消失,19小类不安全动作新增;2)1990—1999年占比最大的直接不安全动作是违章指挥,但在2000—2009年,违章放炮却成为新的占比最大的直接不安全动作;3)未采取有效探放水措施和未通过安全审批私自生产在2000—2009年分别处于所有不安全动作占比的第一、二位,且比例逐渐增加;4)高层管理人员发出的不安全动作占比最大,一线员工和班组长发出的直接不安全动作占比大于各自发出的所有不安全动作比例。

This paper intends to make an investigation and analysis of the less severe,major and particularly major water flooding accidents that have taken place in the country in hoping to discover the rudimental causes that may account for such great casualties and property losses in the mining water accidents. Starting from our study needs,the paper has chosen 142 water flooding accidents in the recent decade,which is from 1990 to 2009,and analyzed the causes that may account for the unsafe acts in depth in order to prevent and at least reduce such accidents from the point of view of the safety management. The above mentioned case samples have been collected from the accident inquiry systems and accident investigation reports from the website of the State Administration of Work Safety. In the paper,we have combined the methods of accident statistics,case study and the casecategory classification and comparison so as to find the characteristic features of the unsafe act types,the unsafe act owner and the constituent ratios. According to the investigation findings,a summary can be made as follows：（ 1） In the period from 1990 to2009,there had always been 23 sub-types of unsafe mining acts,such as illegal blasting. With the disappearance of another 16sub-types of such unsafe acts,there had appeared 19 newly discovered sub-types of unsafe acts;（ 2） The direct unsafe act of most ratio has changed during 20 years,for example,the blasting in violation to the safety rule tended to be the biggest ratio during the period from 2000 to 2009,whereas from 1990 to 1999 it had been ＂commanding against the safety rules ＂;（ 3） Also during the latter period,the highest proportion of the unsafe act taking place had been＂not conducting water detection and water removal＂,which was followed by ＂production without official safety permissions＂. And both of the above unsafe acts had been found being on the rise;（ 4） Unsafe acts committed by the senior administrators had been found accounting for the greatest ratio,whereas the direct unsafe acts that should be attributed to the first-line workers and the team leaders were even greater than all the unsafe acts by themselves from 1990 to 2009.