泸沽湖和邛海湿地的生态系统服务功能价值评估及保护建议

Evaluation of the ecological service function and the urgent suggestions to protect Lugu Lake and Qionghai wetlands

生态系统服务是人类生存和可持续发展的物质基础和自然资本,对其进行量化评估可以为管理者当局保护和管理湿地提供重要的参考依据。以泸沽湖湿地和邛海湿地为研究对象,通过实地调查,综合运用生态经济学、环境经济学和资源经济学方法,对2个湿地的生态系统服务功能价值进行了评估。结果表明:泸沽湖的间接使用价值为153 214.60万元,占总价值的82.785%,远大于直接使用价值,而邛海的直接使用价值为94 050万元,占总价值的75.250%,远大于间接使用价值;湿地的主要服务功能价值是水调节功能、科考旅游功能和水质净化功能的价值。最后对2个湿地的生态系统服务功能的价值构成进行了分析,并提出了相应的保护管理策略。

This paper is intended to research the ecological function of the great lake and wetland,and to propose urgent protection suggestions to the local government and the corresponding departments. In so doing,we made a field scientific survey on the spot over the ecosystem service functions of Lugu Lake and Qionghai wetlands for the first time. In accordance with the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Framework,we selected a series of methods,such as the market value method,the shadow engineering method,the eco-environmental value method,and the cost-benefit method,to evaluate the ecosystem service functions of the Lugu Lake and Qionghai wetlands. The results of our survey can be illustrated as follows：（ 1） the indirect use value of Lugu Lake was 1 532. 146 million yuan RMB,accounting for 82. 785% of the total value; the direct utility value of Qionghai wetland was940. 5 million yuan RMB,accounting for 75. 250% of the total value.（ 2） The indirect utility value of the wetlands,such as the wetland area and the water storage capacity,were mainly affected by the natural conditions of the wetlands,while the direct use value,such as tourism development and fishery,are mainly affectedby the human activities.（ 3） Compared with the Dongting Lake and Baiyangdian wetlands,the ecological service function value in unit area of the Lugu Lake and Qionghai wetlands were far greater than these of Dongting Lake and the Baiyangdian wetlands.（ 4）The ratio of the indirect value was the highest in Lugu Lake,and the lowest in Qionghai wetland,which indicated that the Lugu Lake wetland has not been over-exploited yet,while the Qionghai wetland has been far over-exploited. We suggest that the utilization efficiency of Lugu Lake can be greatly improved on the basis of maintaining the health of the wetland ecosystem,but should be decelerated in Qionghai wetland in order to protect it. In addition to human survival value,wetlands play key roles in the ecosystem functions as sustainable substantial production,recreation,water resource regulation,water purification,climate regulation,biodiversity maintenance, education and cultures, thus measures should be taken to protect the Lugu Lake and Qionghai wetlands.