交易成本视角下政策工具的选择与创新

Choice and Innovation of Policy Instruments from the Perspective of Transaction Costs

运用交易成本经济学和交易成本政治学理论来考察政策活动的交易性质和政策工具的治理特征,可以发现政策活动某种程度上也是一种交易,这种交易都可以从合同的角度来考察。政府与公众之间的关系可以视为一种当事人关系,政府通过政策解决公共问题与当事人达成交易,政策成为解决公共问题的合同。交易性政策工具蕴含互惠、契约、治理和节约的理念,结合时代特征,政策工具选择和创新的核心问题在于节省交易成本,推动政策工具创新走向经验解释、勃兴交易型政策工具、调整公共交易型政策工具、巧用混合交易型政策工具等政策工具创新。

By using the theory of transaction costs in economics and transaction costs in politics to observe the nature of the transaction for policy activities and the governance characteristic for policy tools, we can find that to a certain extent, policy activities are also transactions. These transactions can be investigated from the perspective of contract. Relations be- tween the government and the public can be seen as a stakeholder-based relationship： the government tries to solve the problem and reach a deal with other stakeholders by means of public policy. The policy has become a contract to solve these problems. The policy instruments with the nature of transactions imply the concept of reciprocal trade, contracts, govern- ance and economy. Combining features of our times, the choice and innovation policy instruments find their core issues in the saving of transaction costs, promotion of innovation in policy instruments towards experience interpretation, flourishing trade-oriented policy instruments, adjusting of public transaction type policy instruments, and skillful application of mixed trade-oriented policy instruments.