特大城市多中心空间结构的经济绩效--中国实证研究

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF POLYCENTRIC SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF MEGA-CITIES IN CHINA

特大城市在追求集聚经济的同时也带来不经济性。因此,许多特大城市政府纷纷制定多中心的空间战略规划,但实施效果并不理想。对此,区域科学与城市经济学的学者们开始关注多中心空间结构的经济绩效问题,并在理论研究领域得出了方向性的结论。为数很少的实证研究从不同尺度和视角关注多中心结构的经济绩效问题,得出的结论也不尽相同。本文以数据可得的我国31个特大城市为例,从3个不同空间尺度分别构建了反映市区多中心空间结构的指数,运用城市生产函数进行的经济绩效检验显示,在控制了资本、劳动、人力资本等其他经典生产要素后,多中心的空间结构具有更高的经济绩效,同时,规模集聚也对城市经济增长具有显著的正效应。这一结论表明,与单中心相比,特大城市的多中心空间结构是一种高效的聚集模式。该结论的现实意义在于,为我国特大城市总体规划采取多中心布局提供了学术依据。

In the process of obtaining the agglomeration economy, mega-cities have to be faced up with diseconomies. Therefore, the municipal governments of mega-cities had made a polycentric strategic spatial planning one after another, which yet failed to achieve desirable effects. Nevertheless, scholars of regional science and urban economics begin to pay more attention to the economic performance of the polycentric urban structure and reach a directional conclusion based on some theoretical studies. A few empirical studies have been conducted from different scales and angles and come to different conclusions. Under this circumstance, this paper, based on the data of 31 mega-cities in China, develops an index from three different spatial scales to reflect the polycentric structure. With the application of urban production function to test economic performance, it shows that the polycentric structure can bring a higher economic performance under the condition of controlling production factors including capital, labor, and human capital. Meanwhile, urban scale has also a positive effect on urban economic growth. This means that the polycentric structure is a more efficient agglomeration form than a mono-centric one, which provides an academic basis for China＇s mega-city master planning to adopt a polycentric iavout.