基于“世界城市”理论的国际研发城市判定研究

The Identification of International R&D City Based on Theory of“World City”

借鉴世界城市及其体系的相关理论与研究方法,从跨国公司研发全球化的空间组织切入,通过对全球170余家主要跨国公司高等级研发机构区位分布与空间集聚程度的考察,以城市为空间尺度勾勒出研发全球化的地理格局,确定全球研发网络的空间节点,并将其作为识别与判定国际研发城市的核心特征指标。随后,根据考察结果将32座城市判定为国际研发城市,并在此基础上分析了32座城市的空间分布、城市规模以及集聚机构性质等方面的显著特征。以上结果同时也更为深入地展现了跨国公司研发活动单元基于城市空间尺度的全球分布格局,在一定程度上深化了跨国公司研发投资区位理论。

International R＆D city is an International city with the leading function of R＆D service and innovation. It is a global production center of knowledge, a control center of technology capital, an interaction center of technology diffusion, and a world city in the field of technology innovation. In view of that, with reference to the methodology of the world cities, the paper starts from the spatial organization of MNCs＇ R＆D globalization, by examining the distribution and conglomeration of the advanced R＆D institutions of more than 170 MNCs, and draws a geographic map with cities as its spatial dimensions and it further marks the nodes within the global R＆D network which are then used to identify and define the core features of the international R＆D cities. According to the result, the paper identifies 32 cities as the international R＆D cities. Then, it further analyzes several features of the 32 cities interms of the spatial distribution, city scale and the nature of institutions agglomerated. The above result further shows the global distribution pattern ofMNCs＇ R＆D units which are based on the city space scale and deepens the theory of MNCs＇ R＆D investment location to a certain extent.