滴灌条件下不同施肥处理对春油菜水分和肥料利用率的影响

Effects of different fertilizer treatments on water and fertilizer use efficiency spring rapeseed under drip irrigation

为探索干旱区春油菜水肥高效利用的新途径,在青海省海西州进行滴灌条件下不同施肥处理对春油菜产量、水分利用率、肥料利用率和经济效益的试验研究。结果表明:N2P2K1处理下,株高、单株角果数和单株籽粒重明显提高;在N2P2K1处理下春油菜产量达到最高,为5 215kg/hm2;N,P,K肥在春油菜上的增产效果为N>P>K;施N量186.3 kg/hm2(N2P2K2),N肥利用率最高为36.58%;施P量158.7 kg/hm2(N2P2K2),P肥利用率最高为15.32%;施K量18.75 kg/hm2(N2P2K1),K肥利用率最高为55.97%。N2P2K1处理下水分利用率明显提高,达到了8.75 kg/(hm2·mm);最佳施肥(N2P2K1)较推荐施肥(N2P2K2)处理下的土地生产率、水分生产率、净收益和单方水效益显著增加。

To explore a new way of high water- fertilizer use efficiency in arid area,a field experiment was conducted to research on the different fertilizer treatments on spring rape yield,water use efficiency,fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefit evaluation under drip- irrigation in Haixi Prefecture,Qinghai. The results showed that plant height,number of pods per plant and grain weight per plant increased significantly under N2P2K1 treatment. Spring rapeseed yield reached to the highest level 5 215 kg / hm^2 under N2P2K1treatment. Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium effect in spring rapeseed was N P K. The highest nitrogen use efficiency was 36. 58% following186. 3 kg / hm^2（ N2P2K2） application N. After application P of 158. 7 kg /hm^2（ N2P2K2）,the highest phosphate use efficiency is 15. 32%. The highest potash use efficiency was 55. 97% after application K of 18. 75 kg / hm^2（ N2P2K1）. Water use efficiency improved significantly under N2P2K1 treatment,reached 8. 75 kg /（ hm^2·mm）. Soil productivity,water productivity,net income and benefit per unit water increased significantly under the optimized fertilization（ N2P2K1） than recommended fertilization（ N2P2K2） treatment.