生产比较优势、棘轮效应与中国工业技术进步的资本偏向

Production Comparative Advantage,Ratchet Effect and Technical Capital Deviation of Chinese Industry

本文基于随机前沿分析方法测算了中国工业行业的要素偏向技术进步指数,并试图通过考察相关因素对技术进步偏向的影响对上述问题进行解答。研究发现,中国工业部门整体技术进步偏向于资本,但是偏向程度呈现逐年减弱的的趋势,不同行业技术进步的资本偏向程度差异较大,少数行业已经出现劳动偏向型的技术特征;工业行业技术进步的要素偏向具有明显的路径依赖特征,工资扭曲和要素禀赋结构弱化了技术进步的资本偏向性,而创新投入、行业竞争强度、环境规制强度与国有经济比重等因素则强化了技术进步的资本偏向性;中国工业技术进步的资本偏向在更深层次上是在特定的历史背景下,由行业竞争所引致的"生产比较优势"和生产习惯的"棘轮效应"所决定的。

What determines that the technical progress of China is generally biased to capital？ The existing researches are lack of reasonable explanation for this problem. In this paper, using the stochastic frontier analysis （SFA）, we calculated the elements biased index of technical progress of Chinese industry, and tried to investigate the effect of the relative factors on the technical progress deviation to answer the above question. We found that, the overall technical progress of Chinese industry biased to capital, but the deflection degree showed a weakening trend, the capital deviation degree of production technology in different sectors has large difference and technical characteristics labor biased has appeared in few the sectors. The capital deviation of Chinese industry production technology has obvious characteristics of path dependence. The wage distortion, elements endowment structure weakened the capital deviation degree of production teehnology the innovation investment, competition intensity, environmental regulation intensity and the proportion of state-owned economy strengthened capital deviation degree; but learning by exporting effect is not obvious. We also found that in a deeper level the capital deviation of China＇s industrial production technology progress is due to the specific historical background, and decided by the ＂productioncomparative advantage＂ caused by the industry competition and ＂ratchet effect＂ of the productioncustom.