1996—2007年和2008—2014年中国狂犬病分布特点对比分析

Distribution characteristics analysis of rabies in China between years of 1996-2007 and 2008-2014

目的对1996-2007年和2008—2014年中国狂犬病的分布特点进行对比分析，为狂犬病防制提供科学依据。方法收集狂犬病疫情资料，根据发病数将狂犬病疫情分为上升（1996—2007年）和下降（2008—2014年）两个阶段，分别对疫情报告、地理分布、人群和季节分布情况进行对比分析。结果1996—2014年中国狂犬病报告病例共29656例，年均1561例，发病率为0．1198／10万。1996．2007年，报告病例数为17459例，年报告省（区、市）数20-24个；2008—2014年，报告病例数为12197例，年报告省（区、市）数23～28个。与疫情上升阶段相比，在疫情下降阶段，原高发省（区、市）周边以及位于北部的14个省（区、市）发病数不降反升；男性病例构成由68．71％上升到70．54％（P=0．001）；45—74岁病例构成由42．56％上升到52．60％（P=0．000）；农民病例构成由62．42％上升到69．76％（P=0．000）；冬春季节病例构成由38．27％上升到42．34％（P=0．004）。结论应重视犬问狂犬病的防控工作，加强农村地区中老年人群狂犬病防治知识的宣传教育，重视冬春季节狂犬病的防控。

Objective To provide a scientific basis for rabies control and prevention, the epidemic distribution data of 1996-2007 and 2008-2014 were analyzed contrastively. Methods The epidemic surveillance data were collected, the rising （1996-2007） and declining （2008-2014） of the epidemics were divided according to human rabies case number reported in China. The epidemic reporting, region distribution, geographical distribution, population and seasonal distribution were analyzed contrastively. Results From 1996 to 2014, 29 656 human rabies cases were reported in China, average 1 561 cases each year, with a morbidity of O. 1198 per hundred thousand. From 1996 to 2007, total 17 459 cases were reported, 20 to 24 provinces reporting rabies annually; 2008-2014, total 12 197 cases were reported, 23 to 28 provinces reporting rabies annually. Compared to the rising period of the epidemic, during the declining period, the regions surrounding the previous high-epidemic provinces and 14 north provinces had a rising incidence; the constitute of male case rose from 68. 71% to 70. 54% （P = 0. 001 ） ; the cases of 45 to 74 years old were 52.60% instead of 42. 56% （P =0. 000） ; the farmer cases increased to 69.76% compared to 62.42% （P = 0. 000） ; the cases from winter and spring rose to 42.34% from 38.27% （ P = 0. 004）. Conclusion It＇ s very important to strengthen dog rabies prevention and control in China, strengthen rabies knowledge education among the elderly population in rural areas, and never lose attention to rabies prevention and control in winter and spring.