感觉对体内平衡和衰老的影响:分子信号通路机制

Sensory Influence on Homeostasis and Lifespan: Molecules and Circuits

动物通过生理调节保持体内平衡、适应外部环境的变化。来自体内、外部的刺激,经动物体内各种类型的感受器转换成信号,转导至下游感受器,感觉信号经处理后影响激素分泌、调节体内平衡。感觉信号转导和激素分泌过程主要依赖于离子通道受体和G蛋白偶联受体。另外,研究发现,感觉系统不仅影响动物的行为和生理,也影响寿命,机制可能是通过调节动物的食物摄入影响寿命。本文讨论:1动物外部感觉信号如何被感受器细胞所识别和转换;2如何进一步处理这些感觉信号以调节生理过程中维持体内平衡的肽激素的分泌;3感觉影响衰老的可能的机制。

Animals adjust their physiology to maintain homeostasis in response to different environments. Internal and external stimuli are detected and transduced by different types of sensors to signal target cells to secrete the hormone. Sensory cues influence homeostasis by modulating hormone secretion. The detection of extracellular signals in sensory transduction and hormone secretion commonly relies on two types of receptors： ionotropic receptors and G-protein coupled receptors（ GPCRs）. Recent studies have shown that sensory systems not only influence the behavior and physiology of animals but also their lifespan. It is possible that the sensory system influences lifespan by regulating the animal＇s general food intake. This review will discuss 1how external sensory inputs are recognized and transduced by their respective sensory cells; 2how such sensory information is further processed to modulate the secretion of peptide hormones that maintain homeostasis by regulating different physiological processes; 3possible mechanisms involved in the sensory influence on aging.