中国哲学视域下的实事求是内涵摭论

Interpretation of “Seeking Truth from Facts”from the Perspective of Chinese Philosophy

实事求是的内涵极其丰富,我们从中国哲学的视角去分析它的产生、发展和流变,通过今古文经学之间的斗争,可以看出实事求是经历了一个肯定、否定、再否定、再肯定的过程。主要表现为:河间献王与古文经对实事求是学风的继承,朱熹以"理"为"是"与"即物穷理"的提出,清代汉学和宋学对实事求是的调和,以及近代今古文经学与西学的结合四个方面。正是在不断的自我丰富和完善中,实事求是从学者的学风转变为哲学的认识论和方法论。在认识论方面,实事求是突出了实和虚的区分、认识标准的确定、认识来源的清晰和按照规律办事等内容。在方法论方面,随着毛泽东对实事求是概念的界定,实事求是的理论愈加丰富,包涵了调查研究、解放思想和群众路线等,与中国革命、建设和改革的实际紧密结合。

The ideological line of ＂seeking truth from facts＂ is rich in its implications. We can analyze its emergence, development and evolution from the perspective of Chinese philosophy. Viewed from the debate between the two schools of the study of Confucian classics in Eastern Han Dynasty, it can be concluded that its development has undergone a process of affirming and denying, redenying and reaffirming. And this process can mainly be shown in the following four aspects： the inheritance of Liu De, the Hejian Emperor in Han Dynasty, and the study of Confucian classics to the studying style of ＂seeking truth from facts＂ ; the proposal of ＂taking law as criterion of acting＂ and ＂ seeking the law from facts＂ by Zhu Xi, the celebrated philosopher of Song Dynasty ; the influence of Sinology of Qing Dynasty and Neo - Confucianism of Song Dynasty on it ; and the combination of the contemporary study of Confucian classics and the western classics. Through constant enrichment and improvement, the concept of ＂seek truth from facts＂ has eventually evolved from a studying style to a philosophical epistemology and methodology. In the aspect of epistemology, it makes distinction between void and solid, reveals the standard and source of understanding, and advocates acting according to law. In the aspect of methodology, with Mao Zedong＇ s definition of it, the implication of ＂seek truth from facts＂ becomes more and more abundant and covers the concept of investigating into the actual situation, emancipating the mind, and the mass line and, therefore, tightly combines with the reality of China＇ s revolution, construction and reform.