喂养方式对婴儿食物过敏原的差异性影响

Effects of Different Feeding Ways for Food Allergens in Infants

目的 探讨喂养方式与婴儿食物过敏原的相关性。方法 收集2013年1月—12月在天津市妇女儿童保健中心皮肤科接受过敏原检测的婴儿370例,年龄在出生后4～12个月。通过问诊获取每一位受检婴儿的喂养方式、家族性过敏史、服药史以及过敏症状,同时采用MORA生物共振方法检测其过敏原。根据每一位患儿的喂养情况将其分为母乳喂养组、人工喂养组和混合喂养组,并对各组患儿对不同食物过敏反应发生率进行分析比较。结果 在蛋白类常见食物过敏原中,母乳喂养组患儿对牛奶、蛋类、肉类的过敏反应发生率（25.8%,38.3%,16.4%）与人工喂养组（27.3%,40.9%,14.5%）和混合喂养组（26.5%,39.4%,13.6%）比较差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。人工喂养组患儿对海鲜类、豆类和坚果类的过敏反应发生率（38.2%,45.5%,36.4%）显著高于母乳喂养组（28.1%,31.2%,22.7%）和混合喂养组（23.5%,32.6%,24.2%）,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。在非蛋白类常见食物过敏原中,母乳喂养组患儿对酵母、小麦、草莓的过敏反应发生率（22.7%,18.8%,19.5%）显著高于人工喂养组（11.8%,10.9%,9.1%）和混合喂养组（12.9%,8.3%,10.6%）,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论 母乳喂养不能降低婴儿对牛奶蛋白过敏的风险,人工喂养可能会增加婴儿对海鲜类、豆类和坚果类过敏的风险,母乳喂养可能导致婴儿对小麦、酵母、草莓具有较高的过敏风险。其机制有待进一步探讨。

Objective To Investigate the relationship between feeding way and food allergens in infants. Methods 370 cases （from 4 to 12 months infants） who were tested for allergens at the outpatient clinic of the department of dermatology in Tianjin women and children health care center from January to December 2013 were collected. Through visits to obtain the information of each infant included feeding way, family history of allergic diseases, medication history, allergy symptoms, and the allergens were inspected by Mora bio-resonance therapy system. All infants were divided into breast feeding group, artificial feeding group and mixed feeding group by feeding way, contrast the differences of allergic reaction rates on different food allergens among these groups. Results In protein type of common food allergens, breast feeding group had no significant difference of allergic reaction rate on the milk, eggs and meat （25.8%,38.3%,16.4%） compared with artificial feeding group （27.3%,40.9%,14.5%） and mixed feeding group （26.5%,39.4%,13.6%）（P〉O.05）. Artificial feeding group had a significant higher allergic reaction rate on seafood, beans and nuts（38.2%,45.5%,36.4%） than that of breast feeding group （28.1%,31.2%,22.7%） and mixed feeding group（23.5%, 32.6%,24.2% ） （P〈0.05）. In non-protein type of common food allergens, breast feeding group had a significantly higher allergic reaction rate on yeast, wheat and strawberry （22.7%,18.8%,19.5%） than that of artificial feeding group （11.8%,10.9%,9.1% ）and mixed feeding group （12.9%,8.3%,10.6%）（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Breast feeding way can＇t reduce the risk that the infant is allergic to milk. Artificial feeding way may increase the risk that the infant is allergic to seafood, beans and nuts. Breast feeding way may lead to higher risk of allergy to yeast, wheat, and strawberry. Its mechanism remains to be further discussed.