萝卜与芸薹属物种间的远缘杂交研究进展

Research Progress in Distant Hybridization between Radish( Raphanus sativus) and Brassica

萝卜是十字花科植物中与芸薹属亲缘关系最近的物种,是芸薹属植物遗传改良的宝贵种质资源,可提供细胞质雄性不育基因、恢复基因、自交不亲和基因以及多种抗逆基因。笔者概述了近1个世纪以来萝卜与芸薹属物种间远缘杂交的研究进展,包括萝卜属与芸薹属植物的亲缘关系、杂交不亲和性机理、改良杂交效率的技术和手段、萝卜优异基因在近缘种中的应用、新型遗传材料的创制及人工合成新物种,并对萝卜属与芸薹属远缘杂交育种的前景进行了展望。

Among cruciferous plants, radish （Raphanus sativus L. ） is the most related species to Brassica, and it is a valuable germplasm resource for the genetic improvement of Brassica, because radish can provide many useful genes, such as 0guCMS gene, fertility-restoring gene, self-incompatibility alleles and various adversity-resisting genes. The author summarized the research pro- gresses in the distant hybridization between radish and Brassica in nearly a century, including the genetic relationship between Ra- phanus and Brassica, the incompatible mechanism of intergeneric hybridization between these two genera, the techniques and meth- ods for the improvement of hybridization efficiency, the application of radish＇ s excellent genes to its related species, the creation of new-type genetic materials, and the artificial synthesis of new species. This paper also discussed the prospects of distant hybridization breeding between radish and Brassica.