北魏六镇与柔然关系探析

On the Relationship between Six Towns in Northern Wei Dynasty and Rouran

六镇是北魏统治者在统一中原的征战中为解决后顾之忧而采取的军事防卫措施。六镇设立之初,军事地位尤为突出。但是,随着北魏统一北方及其与柔然之间的战和更替,六镇的职能和地位不断地发生变化,其职能由单纯的军事扩展到兼具民事行政功能。五世纪后期,柔然衰落,北魏迁都,政治中心逐渐南移,六镇的军事政治地位下降,六镇随之衰落。

Setting up six towns was a measure adopted by the ruler of Northern Wei in the expedition in central plains of China.In the beginning, their status was very important. However, with the unification of Northern Wei and its war with Rouran, their function and status changed continously. Their function transformed from purely military into combination of military and administrative. In the later period of the fifth century, Rouran declined, Northern Wei moved its capital to Luoyang, the political center moved south gradually. The military and political status of the six towns was lower, and finally they went downhill.