北京市平谷区妇女未参加宫颈癌免费筛查状况的研究

Reasons for women not to participate in free cervical screening in Pinggu district of Beijing

目的探讨分析北京市平谷区适龄妇女知晓宫颈癌免费筛查而未参加筛查的原因。方法采用横断面调查随机抽取1 320例知晓2014年宫颈癌免费筛查却未进行筛查的适龄妇女,以问卷调查的方式观察研究对象未参加宫颈癌免费筛查的原因。结果研究对象知晓宫颈癌免费筛查信息的主要途径为社区宣传、微信平台和网络平台;宫颈癌防治知识获取则主要通过传统媒体宣传和健康宣传教育;知晓宫颈癌免费筛查而未参加筛查的原因中,认为"自己身体健康,没必要筛查"的比例最高,达30.86%;认为"体检时已做过相关检查"的占24.00%,列第2位;"没时间未参加筛查"的占9.72%,居第3位;且居前3位的原因与研究对象的受教育程度、年均收入水平、孕次及绝经与否相关(P<0.05)。结论为了提高适龄妇女宫颈癌免费筛查的参与率,地方政府在加大宫颈癌筛查宣传教育的同时,应根据妇女的具体情况,制定面向不同特征妇女的个性化筛查计划,以期使更多妇女享受这项福利政策。

Objective： To investigate the reasons for women not to participate in free cervical cancer screening in Pinggu district of Beijing. Methods.. A total of 1 320 women who were informed the free cervical cancer screening but failed to participate in the examination in 2014 were selected in the survey for exploring the reasons of the absent examination. A cross-sectional survey was used for the study. Results： The information of cervical cancer screening was mainly relied on community education, WeChat platform and internet network platform. The knowledge of cervical cancer prevention was acquired mainly through traditional media and health promotion and education. The main reason failed to participate in the free cervical screening was that they believed ＂they were healthy and no need for screening＂, which was accounted 30.86%. Another 24% of the women thought that they already had the related physical examination. The women without time to attend the examination were accounted 9.72%. The reasons not to participate in the free cervical cancer screening were associated with age, educational attainment, annual income level,the number of pregnancies and menopause status（P〈0.05） Conclusions： While public education of cervical cancer screening is strengthened, development of screening programs for different characteristics of women should be based on the specific situation of women to allow more women to enjoy the benefits of this policy.