近代社会契约论的国家观及与马克思国家学说的关联

State Theory of Social Contract Theory and Its Relationship with Marx's State Theory

近代社会契约论热衷于探视国家负载的公共性精神,霍布斯等经典的社会契约论者都以国家为看护个人权利与社会福利的公共性工具。社会契约论中的国家是社会的工具,国家是中立性的为社会公众所用的一种技术工具;依凭历史唯物主义的方法论,马克思则将国家判认为了(统治)阶级的工具。从社会的工具到阶级的工具,马克思并未彻底否定近代社会契约论的国家观念,从而否认国家的公共性;但是,马克思的国家学说却也由此被置入了国家阶级性的话语情境之中。

It has unavoidable source between Marx＇s state theory and social contract theory. The classic social contract theorist regarded the state as the tool to care for individual rights and social welfare. In the social contract theory, the state is a tool of society, a neutral technology tool used for the public. The negative state theory of the classical liberalism is based on the theoretical premise of abstract individualism. For the historical materialism theory, Marx explored the social economic source of state and considered the state as a tool of class. So a completely neutral state is unlikely to be fully implement in the society system based on private property.