中国劳动就业制度改革启动的历史考察

A Historical Investigation on the Beginning of Labor Employment System Reform in China

1979—1991年是中国启动经济体制改革和市场化进程的一个特殊重要时期。这一时期,随着经济体制改革的推进,中国开始了改革传统劳动体制的弊端,建设和完善具有中国特色的劳动就业制度的艰苦探索和实践。主要表现在:改革统包统配就业制度,实行"三结合"就业方针,广开就业门路;结合国营企业改革,推行劳动合同制,搞活固定工制度;创办劳动服务公司,建立和培育劳务市场,促进劳动力的社会调节;打破城乡劳动力分割的局面,农村劳动力开始向非农产业和城镇流动。中国劳动就业制度改革的启动遵循了经济体制改革的整体步骤与逻辑,紧紧围绕经济工作的中心任务——增强企业活力来进行,有一个由增量到存量的渐进深化过程。

The period from 1979 to 1991 is a particularly important period that China launched the economic system reform and marketing process. With the advancing of economic reform, China began to reform the traditional labor system and explore the practices of the construction and perfection on the labor employment system with Chinese characteristics. These practices mainly included： reforming the unified distribution of employment system, opening up new avenues of employment with the ＂three combination＂ policy, implementing labor contract system and invigorating the fixed labor system with the reform of state-owned enterprises, founding the labor service corporations and building labor markets to promote the labor force adjustment, breaking out the urban-rural labor segmentation situation to push the rural labor flowing to non-agricultural industries, cities and towns freely. With the central task of economic work -- enhancing the vitality of enterprises, the reform of the employment system is following the overall steps and logic of the economic system reform, which is a gradual deepening process from incremental to stock.