梁漱溟“以对方为重”伦理思想探析

Reflections on Liang Shuming's Ethical Thoughts "Put the Other First"

梁漱溟先生在《中国文化要义》一书中提出,"互以对方为重"是中国伦理社会的核心精神,"以对方为重"是中国人在日常生活中遵循的基本道德原则。这一原则的内涵包括:行动中,尊重对方;动机上,替他人着想;原则上,只尽义务,不求权利。这一原则源于人类真挚情感的自然流露,经由集俗成礼的路径而形成,体现了以仁为核心的儒家伦理特质。然而它是一种有限的利他主义,在熟人社会才会发生作用;同时,在实践中也渐渐丧失去了仁的本质属性,沦为一套纯粹形式化的礼节。

In the book ＂ Chinese Culture＂,Liang Shuming suggested that put the other first is the core spirit of the Chinese social ethics. It is also regarded as the most important ethical principles of the Chinese people in their daily lives. Such principle includes： respect the other in the act; think for the other in the motivation; only fulfill their obligations instead of rights in principle. The principle stems from the natural expression of human emotion and a set of folk ritual path,reflecting the core of Confucian ethics qualities： benevolence. However,it is a limited altruism that only applies to acquaintance society. While in practice it has gradually lost the essential attribute of benevolence,and become a purely formal etiquette.