小兴安岭不同森林类型枯落物储量及其持水特性比较

Comparison of Water-holding Characteristics and Biomass of Litter Under Different Forest Types in Xiaoxingan Mountains

[目的]对小兴安岭主要森林类型林下枯落物蓄积量进行调查分析和持水特性研究,为该区森林生态服务功能评价提供重要依据和理论基础。[方法]选择6种典型森林类型设置样地测定枯落物现储量,并采用浸水法对枯落物持水特性进行测定,计算其最大拦蓄量和有效拦蓄量。[结果]主要森林类型枯落物蓄积量介于13.53-29.48t/hm^2,大多是半分解层蓄积量高于未分解层。不同森林类型最大持水率与最大持水量表现不一致,其中最大持水率为243.19%-524.0%,最大持水量为56.81-106.90t/hm^2。不同森林类型的最大拦蓄量与有效拦蓄量的表现也略有差异,最大拦蓄量为33.43-64.42t/hm^2,有效拦蓄量为24.91-48.38t/hm^2。枯落物层的持水率与浸泡时间呈显著对数关系,而吸水速率与浸泡时间呈显著幂函数关系。[结论]受树种特性、枯落物储量、分解速率及林龄的影响,该区不同森林类型林下枯落物储量及其持水特性差异显著。

[Objective] The litter storage and the water-holding capacities in the main forest types in Xiaoxingan Mountains were studied to provide important data and theoretical basis for the evaluation of forest ecological service function in Xiaoxingan Mountains. [Methods] 6 kinds of typical forest types were selected to set sample plot and measure the litter reserves, and the soaking method was adopted to measure the waterholding characteristics of litters, then the maximum interception and effective interception were calculated. [Results] the litter biomass of main forest types ranged from 13.53 t/hm^2 to 29.48 t/hm^2 , and the biomass of the half-decomposed litter of the majority of forest types was higher than that of non-decomposed litters. The rate of water-holding capacity and water-holding capacity of litter layer in different forest types were different. The ratio of maximum water-holding capacity varied from 243.19% to 524.0%, while the maximum water-holding capacity ranged from 56.81 t/hm^2 to 106.90 t/hm^2. The performance between maximum interception and maximum effective interception of litter layer in different forest types was also slightly different. The maximum interception varied from 33.43 t/hm^2 to 64.42 t/hm^2 , while the effective interception ranged from 24.91 t/hm^2 to 48.38 t/hm^2. The relationships between water-holding rate of litters and soak time in different forest types could be significantly fitted by Logarithmic equation, and the relationships between water absorption rate and soak time were significantly described by power function. [Conclusion] The litter reserves and its water characteristics in different forest types were obviously different due to the tree species characteristics, litter reserves, decomposition rate and forest ages.