基于GIS的中国PM_(2.5)浓度的空间分布及影响因素分析

Spatial Distribution Model of Countrywide PM_(2.5) Concentration and Influence Factors Using Geographical Information System

[目的]研究中国PM2.5的空间分布特征及其影响因素,为区域可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法]利用2014年2月25日上午9时和3月23日9时来自国家环保部的PM2.5时均浓度值,以GIS为平台利用双三次B样条方法,以中国陆疆国界为内插区域,模拟两个时相PM2.5浓度的空间分布,并在此基础上对比分析了中国和美国PM2.5浓度标准的差异,进一步分析荒漠化、降水、风速和经济增长水平对PM2.5浓度空间分异的影响。[结果]模拟结果表明,京、津为中心的华北地区是中国PM2.5污染严重的区域,珠三角是另一个污染较严重的区域,西藏、新疆和贵州等西部省区是中国PM2.5浓度较低,空气质量较好的区域。[结论]我国各地区PM2.5浓度与区域经济发展水平表现出显著的相关性。

[Objective] The characteristics of spatial distribution of PM2.5 in China and the influence factors were studied to provide scientific basis for environment monitoring. [Methods] This paper collected hourly concentrations of PM2.5 pollutant at 9：00 on February 25 th and 9：00 on March 23 th, 2014. Consequentially, the countrywide spatial distribution of PM2.5 concentration was simulated within national boundaries using bicubic B-spline method in GIS. The concentration distribution was compared with that of USA spatially atdifferent standard. [Results] The most serious polluted region is Beijing and Tianjin-centered north China, and another is Pearl River Delta. The western provinces, including Tibet, Xinjiang and Guizhou area are good-air regions with low concentration. [Conclusion] There is a stable relationship between economic growth and PM2.5 concentration.