退耕还林对农户可持续生计的影响——河北省以保定市涞水县为例

Influences of Converting Farmland to Forestland Program on Livelihood Sustainability of Rural Households——A Case Study of Laishui County of Baoding City,Hebei Province

[目的]比较保定市涞水县退耕还林前后农户可持续生计资本的变化,分析退耕因素的影响程度以及生计资本对农户收入水平的收入效应,探讨退耕还林对农户可持续生计能力影响的作用机理。[方法]运用可持续生计框架理论,构建农户资本的线性回归模型。[结果]在影响生计资本的诸因素中,退耕对自然资本和物质资本影响比较明显,对金融资本影响较小,对人力资本和社会资本影响不明显,农户生计主要依赖于自然环境,现实中农户的发展依然处在较低的层次,农户的生计现状会受到耕地多少、现金支付压力大小等因素的影响。[结论]需强化退耕还林工程后续产业的规划和论证工作,加强农户抵御风险的能力,实现农户生计多样化,在农户向非农产业转化中政府应采取积极有效的资金支持和引导。

[Objective] We took Laishui County in Baoding City of Hebei Province as an example, where local peoples＇ livelihood capital before and after converting farmland to forestland program was compared firstly. The impacting of the program implementation on the livelihood capital was illustrated, and moreover, the impacting of livelihood capital on people＇ income was analyzed. Upon these, the mechanism of reverting program upon rural households＇ sustainable livelihood ability was discussed. [Methods] Theory of sustainable livelihoods analysis was used and a linear model of farmers＇ capital was fitted. [Results] For all the factors that might affect livelihood capitals converting program had obvious effects on natural capital and physical capital, and small effect on financial capital, and no obvious effects were observed on human capital and social capital. Household＇s livelihood mainly depends on natural environment, i. e. , farmers＇ development is still at a lower level, their livelihood was affected by how many arable lands they own, and how big the gap between the owed cash and the needed amount is, and so on. [Conclusion] Where reverting program is implemented, a careful production planning and proofing should be carried out, which include how to strengthen the households＇ ability to resist risk and how to diversify livelihood. In the transformation of household to non-agricultural industries, the government should give positive and effective financial support and guide.