气候暖干化背景下东北地区旱涝时空演变特征

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Drought and Flood Under Drying-warming Climate in Northeast China

[目的]从旱涝灾害角度探讨气候变化对东北地区的影响,以期充分利用气候资源,为农业领域应对气候变化的对策措施提供理论依据。[方法]统计东北地区1956—2012年50个气象台站的逐月气温、降水资料,通过样条插值法、Mann—Kendall检测及Z指数方法对该区降水及旱涝时空演变特征进行分析。[结果](1)近57a东北地区气候整体呈现暖干化的趋势;(2)半湿润区增温幅度最大,达0.34℃/10a,湿润区相对较低,为0.25℃/10a。半湿润区降水减少趋势最为明显,为-8.82mm/10a。(3)东北全区、半干旱区、半湿润区Z指数变化一致,呈现出"涝—旱—涝—旱"的演变特征。(4)大涝频率高值中心分布于小兴安岭北部和三江平原、嫩江流域北部等;大旱频率高值中心集中分布于东北地区西部。[结论]东北地区气候暖干化的趋势给该区农牧业带来不利影响,受旱地区应及时启动干旱预警紧方案,开展抗旱工作。

[Objective] This paper elucidated the impacts from climate change to flood and drought in Northeast China in order to make full use of climatic resources, and to provide scientific basis for agricultural countermeasures to climate change. [Methods] Data of monthly temperature and precipitation of 50 stations in Northeast China from 1956 to 2012 were used to illustrate the spatiotemporal features of droughts and floods in this area by Spline interpolation, Mann-Kendall test and Z Index. [Results] （1） The area appeared a trend of warming and drying as a whole in recent 57 years. （2） Temperature in sub-humid area increased by 0.34 ℃/10 a. In humid area, it was relatively low as 0.25 ℃/10 a. Precipitation in sub-humid area decreased obviously as high as -8.82 mm/10 a. （3） Z indexes in the whole area, semi-arid and sub-humid area showed an evolutionary features as ＂flood-drought-flood-drought＂. （4） The centers attacked by high frequency of large floods were Sanjiang Plain, North of Lesser Khingan Mountains and Nenjiang River Valley, and so on. While, the western area was much more frequently to suffer severe drought. [Conclusion] The ecological environment of this area is fragile, in order to offset the negative influences of drying-warming trend to farming and animal husbandry in drought-attacked areas, emergency works should be planned as early as possible to relief drought timely.