堰塞坝及其溃决模拟研究评述

Reviewed on Barrier Dam and Simulation on Dam Breach

堰塞坝形成突然、危险性大,对下游人民生命财产安全、生态环境和社会经济形成巨大威胁,研究堰塞坝的溃决成灾机理与应急条件下的除险减灾方法,具有极其重要的科学价值和实际意义。结合国内外堰塞坝及其溃决相关内容的研究现状,评述了堰塞坝的形成过程和特征、溃决过程以及除险减灾等方面的研究进展,提出了未来堰塞坝及其溃决研究中需要重点关注的若干重大关键问题:1堰塞体形成过程中的土石料堆积分选机制;2强非恒定流、非均匀流下的输沙理论;3多机理耦合的溃口发展模型;4大尺度堰塞坝溃决实体模型试验;5如何降低除险减灾策略制定过程中的不确定性。

Barrier dam which forms suddenlly, dangerous, is a huge threat to the life and property, environment and socio-economy of downstream. Therefore, researching on the barrier dam outburst disaster mitigation mechanism and disaster defense under emergency conditions has an extremely important scientific value and practical significance. Combined research status of barrier dam and outburst domestic and oversea, a brief review of the barrier dam formation, characteristics, research progress outburst process and disaster reduction were discussed. Then several major key issues about damming dam and outburst need to be focused in future research were proposed： （1）separation mechanisim of soil stone pile in the forming process of damming body; （2）sediment transport theory of non-uniform, highly unsteady flow; （3）dam breach model under coupled multitheories; （4）large scale entity model experiment on landslide dam failure; （5）how to reduce the uncertainty in decision making process on risk control and disaster reduction.