TOPMODEL模型在黄河中游未控区间的应用研究

Study on the Application of TOPMODEL for Uncontrolled Middle Reaches of Yellow River

TOPMODEL模型是一种基于物理过程的半分布式流域水文模型,其结构明晰,参数较少,物理意义明确。以黄河中游府谷至吴堡未控区间为研究对象,利用TOPMODEL模型进行了洪水模拟,获得的3项模拟精度指标显示,该模型在率定和检验两个阶段的模拟精度都比较高,表明TOPMODEL模型可以应用于黄河中游干旱半干旱地区大尺度流域,从而拓宽了该模型的应用范围,对该区间的洪水预报和防洪具有重要的现实意义,对揭示近年来黄河中游因未控区间加水引起的径流变化成因也有一定的参考价值。同时,对该模型在模拟中存在的问题进行了讨论。

TOPMODEL is a semi-distributed physical model which is based on the hydrological process. The structure of the model is simple and distinct. It has less parameter which most has clear physical meaning. This paper chose Fugu to Wubao uncontrolled region of the middle reaches of the Yellow River as the research object and selecting the TOPMODEL as the flood simulation tool. From the three precision indexes, it shows that the calibration and validation are both of high precision. It indicates that the application of TOPMODEL in the middle reaches of the Yellow River is successful, where locates in arid and semi arid area of the large scale basin. It broadens the scope of application, and it is important and practical significant for this region to flood forecasting and controlling. It also has a certain reference value to reveal recent years the cause of runoff variation of the middle Yellow River. At the same time, it discussed the existing problems in the simulating of this model.