降凝剂机理研究技术进展概论

Research Progress of Pour-point Depressing Mechanism

高含蜡量使原油的开采以及储运过程产生诸多困难,降低原油凝固点和改善其流动性将在很大程度上缩减含蜡原油的生产和输送成本。讨论了国内外降凝剂发展历程与降凝剂的主要分类。分析了降凝剂的降凝作用机理,普遍认同的降凝剂降凝机理主要有晶核作用,吸附作用及共晶作用等。指出降凝剂降凝效果的影响因素,比如原油组成及性质,降凝剂组成及结构影响,热处理温度,冷却速度,降凝剂加入量和剪切作用等。最后指出降凝剂发展方向并提出降凝剂研究方面亟待解决的问题。

High wax content makes the extraction and storage and transportation of crude oil very difficult, lowering the freezing point of crude oil and improving its liquidity will reduce the costs of production and transportation of the waxy crude oil. In this article, development process and main categories of pour point depressants were discussed. The mechanism of pour depressant was analyzed, it＇s pointed out that the pour depressant mechanism includes nucleating, nuclei, adsorption and eutectic effects and so on. The factors influencing pour depressant effect were discussed, such as composition and nature of the crude oil, composition and structure of pour point depressant, heat treatment temperature, cooling rate, amount of depressant and shear effect and so on. Finally the pour point depressant development direction was pointed out.