孤独症谱系障碍幼儿的气质特点研究

Study on temperament characteristics of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder

目的 对1∽3岁孤独症谱系障碍（autism spectrum disorder,ASD）幼儿的气质特点进行研究,为其发现、干预提供依据。方法 通过和正常幼儿气质常模的对比,对1∽3岁ASD幼儿的气质特点进行研究。结果 ASD幼儿气质以E型、I-E型为主,但所占比例明显下降。该研究发现ASD幼儿除节律性外,其余8个维度与正常幼儿比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;9个气质维度的性别差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而反应强度、注意分散及反应阈分值与年龄呈正相关（P〈0.05）。结论 ASD幼儿气质维度与正常幼儿存在明显差异,有助于早期发现ASD。

Objective To study the temperament characteristics of autism spectrum disorder （ASD） toddlers and pro- vide some references for early detection and intervention. Method The temperament of ASD toddlers was studied and compared with the temperament norm of normal toddlers. Results ASD toddlers＇ temperament was given priority to with E,I-E,but the proportion decreased significantly. ASD toddlers＇ temperament dimensions were significantly differed from normal children＇s （P〈0.01）, except rhythmicity. The gender difference of temperament dimensions of ASD toddlers was not statistically different （P〉0.05）, but responsion intense,distract and threshold dimensions were positively relevant with age （P〈0.05）. Conclusion ASD toddlers＇ temperament obviously differed from normal toddlers＇, which contributes the earlier detection of ASD.