北京市家长用婴幼儿发育迟缓筛查量表的编制研究

Establishment of parent report questionnaire of developmental delay in Beijing

目的 编制一套适用于家长填写和评估的儿童发育迟缓筛查量表,早期发现儿童发育偏离,有效改善儿童发育迟缓状况。方法 编写量表,由儿童发育临床专家进行修改和补充。初步编制完成八个年龄组的适龄量表。采用横断面研究,随机选取8个年龄组各110名儿童及家庭,家长填写筛查量表,社区医生核对,采用因素分析进行统计确定量表项目。选取每个年龄组30名儿童及家庭进行量表信效度研究;对填写6月龄、18月龄、36月龄量表的儿童进行小儿智能发育筛查量表（Denver Developmental Screening Test,DDST）评估,检验量表信度和效度。为研究量表应用情况,在高危儿门诊针对6月龄、18月龄、36月龄发育迟缓转诊儿童,采用Gesell发育诊断法进行评估,每个月龄测查30名儿童,验证其特异性及应用价值。结果 全量表Cronbach＇α系数0.500∽0.793,评分者（家长与医生）一致性在0.53∽0.91之间。内容效度各子量表与全量表间相关系数均〉0.5,与小儿智能发育筛查量表（Denver Developmental Screening Test,DDST）一致性达94%,对发育迟缓儿童筛查具有较好的特异性。结论 量表具有较好的信度和效度,在社区儿童保健医生管理下,应用于家庭对儿童发育迟缓的筛查,具有应用价值。

Objective To develop a screening scale for developmental delay and explore its reliability and validity. Methods The study included preliminary experiment and a formal investigation. Preliminary experiment randomly selected 110 children in good health of appropriate months from three districts in Beijing, questionnaires were administered to their parents and all the data were analyzed of factor analysis. Formal investigation randomly selected 30 children every month in two districts,screening scales were completed by the parents, and physicians in community asked related developmental in- formation in 7 days. Denver developmental screening test （DDST） was carried out in 6 months, 18 months and 36 months for validity test. Children of developmental delay were selected from referrals in whole city, 30 children were investigated with the questionnaires and Gesell at the same time for reliability and validity inspection. Result The results showed that the Cronbach α coefficient of full scale was between 0. 500 to 0. 793, raters consistency was between 0.53 to 0.91, content validity of the scale were above 0.5. Criterion validity test and Gesell consistency were all satisfying. Conclusion The reliability and validity of this screening scale were satisfying,and it could be used for the screening of developmental delay.