闽北古建聚落初探——以武夷山城村为例

Explore on the Ancient Settlement in North Fujian Province:Case Study in Cheng Village in Wuyishan City

中国历史文化名村武夷山城村完整地保留着传统聚落选址、街巷格局以及古民居等方面的信息,是闽北古建聚落的典范。该文以城村为例,从聚落选址与结构、街巷等级与形态、建筑类型与风貌等多个方面展开闽北古建聚落的研究,指出城村选址与古汉城遗址的关联性以及村落规划中体现出"城"与"村"双重特征的原因,并归纳出城村古建筑的庭院式、单栋式与独立式三种建筑类型,为历史文化名村文化脉络的传承、历史风貌的延续乃至古民居的更新等提供基础。

Cheng Village, a historical and cultural village in Wuyishan City, retains complete information about sites selection of traditional settlement, street and lanes pattern, ancient dwellings and so on. It is a typical example of ancient settlements in North Fujian. Taking Cheng Village as a case, we study the following aspects of the ancient settlements in North Fujian： settlement sites selection, structures, levels and forms of streets and lanes, types and features of architectue. We point out the correlation between Cheng Village sites selection and Hancheng ancient site. We also show the reasons for the dual character of ＂town＂ and ＂village＂ reflecting in the village planning. We summarize three architectural types of the historical building in Cheng Village： courtyard-type, detached-type and independent-type, which provide the basis for inheritance of cultural venation in historical and cultural villages, the continuation of historical features and the renewal of the ancient dwellings.