前列腺癌体内实验模型的研究进展

Research progress of in vivo animal models of prostate cancer

前列腺癌是男性最为常见的恶性肿瘤之一。近年来有关前列腺癌的相关研究取得了较大突破,但由于缺少有效的体内实验模型,导致研究成果向临床应用的转化受到严重阻碍。人源性前列腺癌移植(patient derived prostate tumor xenograft,PDPTX)模型是将患者新鲜的肿瘤组织移植于免疫缺陷小鼠而建立的体内模型,该模型能较好地复制原发肿瘤的异质性,保持肿瘤在分子学、基因学和病理学的复杂性。特别是采用肾包膜移植建立PDPTX模型的方法较好地解决了传统皮下移植建模成功率低、低级别肿瘤成瘤难、无法实现移植瘤转移等缺点,为前列腺癌研究提供了更为理想的体内模型。尤其是在靶向治疗、新型药物筛选、个体化治疗等方面具有不可取代的优势。

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men and related studies have achieved great breakthrough in recent years. But because of the lack of effective in vivo animal models,the process to translate basic research into clinical application has been severely hampered. Patient derived prostate tumor xenograft（ PDPTX） model is an ideal animal model in which freshly isolated tumor tissues from patients were inoculated into immunodeficient mice. This model can duplicate the heterogeneity of primary tumor in a better way and keep the tumor complexity at molecular,genetic and pathological levels. Particularly,the PDPTX model,in which the isolated tumor tissue is inoculated under the renal capsule,is even better,because it solves the clrawbacks of traditional subcutaneous inoculation model. In traditional models,the success rate is low,it＇s not easy for lower grade tumor to form xenograft,and it＇s not easy to reconstruct metastasis,etc. PDPTX provides a more ideal in vivo model for prostate cancer studies. It has irreplaceable advantages,especially in target therapy,new drug screening and individualized tumor treatment.