不同方法萃取长叶橙种子油品质的比较

The quality comparison of Changye orange seed oil extracted by different methods

柑橘种子含油量为38.9%~58.5%,经精炼后具有较高的营养价值和应用潜力。文中分析了超临界CO2流体萃取法、超声波辅助溶剂萃取法、榨油机冷榨和热榨所得长叶橙种子油脂的初始理化指标、自氧化能力、柠檬苦素类似物含量、脂肪酸组成等指标。4种方法所得油脂都符合食用植物油卫生标准,但超临界CO2流体萃取所得油脂酸价明显高于其他方法（P〈0.05）。超临界CO2流体萃取的种子油中柠檬苦素类似物含量最高（1.89 mg/g）。采用的4种萃取方法所得油脂中其脂肪酸的主成分均为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸,超临界CO2流体萃取的种子油中含有较高的二高-γ-亚麻酸。经贮藏能力测定,推算出冷榨油脂在20℃条件下可贮藏92.4d,超临界CO2流体萃取油脂贮藏时间最短为41.7 d。综合分析发现,现超临界CO2流体所得初始油脂品质最好,但需经降酸工艺提高其贮藏能力。

Citrus seeds contain 38. 9% ~ 58. 5% oil has great nutritional value and wide application potential after refining. This paper compared the qualities of extracted method of supercritical CO2 fluid,ultrasonic assisted solvent,cold-pressed and hot-pressed,respectively. Several properties were compared including the initial physical and chemical indicators,self-oxidative capacity,limonoids content and fatty acid composition. All oil extracts were satisfied hygiene standards of edible vegetable oils. Acid value by supercritical CO2 fluid was higher than others（ P 0.05）. The limonoids content extracted by supercritical CO2 fluid was much higher than by other methods. The main components of fatty acids were palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,etc. higher content of dohomo-γ-linolenic acid was found in oil extracted by supercritical CO2 fluid. Based on storage capacity test,we predicted that cold-pressed oil can be stored for 92. 4 d and oil extracted with supercritical CO2 fluid can be stored for 41. 7 d under 20 ℃. According to our comprehensive analysis,supercritical CO2 fluid extraction is the best,but it needs deacidification to improve the storage capacity.