清代“科道合一”的历史镜鉴

The Historical Reference to the Combination of Ke and Dao of Qing Dynasty

封建帝制时期的给事中制度是古代监察制度的重要组成部分,其主要职能就是制约和监督皇权。清代"科道合一"不仅对制度本身造成了破坏,而且也使得制度的效用归于消亡。清代六科给事中制度所处的政治体制环境和其内在的弊端是致使其走向历史末路的主要原因。站在文化与制度承继的角度,基于对提升监察权威、增强监察效果的价值理念追求,当前完善监察法制应重点突出以下几方面的建设:监察制度的宪法法律性、监督制约机制的人民性和专职监察机构的独立性。

The system of Jishizhong, mainly designed to restrain and supervise emperor＇s power, is a significant part of ancient China＇ s supervision system throughout the imperial ages. The combination of Ke and Dao in Qing dynasty, not broke the system of Jishizhong, but also took the system into ineffectiveness. Analyzing this event, this article holds that it is the system＇s inner defects and the political circumstances that lead the system to die. Learning from the death of Jishizhong, this article suggests to improve the current legal supervision system by strengthen the construction of rules and regulations focusing on the follow aspects： constitutionalism, democratism and independence of supervision.