北京市中学生自我伤害行为现状及与自杀相关行为关系的研究

Prevalence of deliberate self-harm and its relation with suicidal behaviors among students in middle schools in Beijing

目的了解北京市中学生自我伤害流行特征，探讨自我伤害与自杀相关行为关系。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法对北京市16所学校初一至高三5807名学生进行匿名问卷调查。结果参与调查的中学生35．6％报告发生自我伤害，7．0％经常发生自我伤害行为；女生自我伤害报告率高于男生，初二女生和初三男生是自我伤害发生的高发年级；重点高中、单亲和重组家庭学生是自我伤害的高发人群；自我伤害行为发生越频繁的学生，自杀相关行为报告率越高，与无自我伤害行为发生者相比，经常发生自我伤害行为者自杀相关行为报告率增加5．7～12.3倍。结论北京市中学生经常性自我伤害与自杀相关行为密切相关，二者高发年龄一致。应尽早对青少年开展心理行为干预和生命教育，及时发现自我伤害高发人群，开展自杀预防干预。

Objective To understand the prevalence of deliberate self-harm in middle school students in Beijing, and explore the relationship between self-harm and suicidal behaviors. Methods An anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 5 807 students selected through cluster random sampling from grade 9 to grade 12 in 16 middle schools in Beijing. Results Among the surveyed middle school students, 35.6% reported that they once had self-harm behaviors, 7.0% reported often had self-harm behaviors in the past 30 days before the survey. More girls reported self-harm behaviors than boys did. And the prevalence of self-harm behaviors was highest in girls in grade 8 and in boys in grade 9. The students in key senior high schools, or living with single or remarried parents were the risk population to have self-harm behaviors. Higher suicide behavior reporting rate was correlated with higher self-harm behavior reporting rate. Compared with students who reported no self-harm behaviors during the past month, the suicide behavior reporting rate in students reporting self-harm behaviors increased by 5.7-12.3 times. Conclusion Deliberate selfharm behaviors were associated with suicide behaviors among middle school students in Beijing. Early psychological intervention and life education should be carried out among middle school students in order to find risk population and save their life.