塞尔的言语行为成功条件:识解与重构

Construal and Reconstruction of Searle's Felicity Condition of Speech Act

塞尔在奥斯汀的理论基础上,对言语行为成功条件加以修正和框定,虽不乏系统与精辟,但在"条件"和"规则"的类属关系、"条件"要素的解释力以及言语行为的交际效果等方面仍存有不足。国内外学者对此虽有不少批判性分析,但少有系统修正。在解读塞尔有关言语行为成功条件和构成性规则的基础上,本文从说话人和听话人的视角出发,构建了涵盖命题条件、先决条件、意图条件以及关联条件在内的四项成功条件,并就各条件提出不同的亚类条件,全面揭示言语行为成功实施的必要条件,以期为言语行为研究提供参照。

Searle systematically developed Austin＇ s speech act thoughts, and revealed the effective felicity conditions and con- stitutive rules of carrying out speech acts. Quite a lot of critical analysis has been made on Searle＇ s felicity conditions and con- stitutive rules by scholars at home and abroad in the light of the relationship between conditions and rules, its representative- ness and the communication effect of speech acts, but there has been little adjustment. Based on Searle＇ s theory, this paper, from the perspective of speakers and listeners, reconstructs a new system of felicity conditions including propositional content condition, preparatory condition, intention condition, and relevance condition, and puts forward some sub-conditions accordingly for peer reference on the relevant research.