黑水城文書所見西夏銀牌——兼論西夏制度的遼金來源

On Xixia silver medal from the Khara-Khoto Manuscripts:Concurrently on Xixia system source from Liao and Jin Dynasties

黑水城文獻中有一件編號爲俄Инв.No.315(2-1)的文書,提到了銀牌安排官。其中所反映的銀牌加官職的組合形式,顯示西夏銀牌已經突破了以前作爲信牌、宿衛牌、守禦牌等的限制,開始具有對應官員身份等級的職能。這是西夏職官體系適應由簡樸到繁複的客觀需要,也是與西夏中期以後制度大發展相吻合的。西夏銀牌之制遠承於遼,但很可能直接仿自於金,表明在宋制之外,西夏對遼金制度的吸收也是一個不容忽視的方面,它是西夏制度多源結構的一個因子。

HHB.No.315(2-1),a piece of ducuments from the KharaKhoto Manuscripts,mentioned Anpaiguan of silver medal.The combination form of silver medal adding office showed that Xixia silver medal had break through the traditional limits of function and began to possess the Competency with status position.It was objective requirement of official system of Xixia from simple to complex and was adaptive to the great system development of Xixia midterm.The regime of silver medal originated distantly from Liao Dynasty,but probably directly from Jin Dynasty.It showed that the absorption from Liao and Jin Dynasties should not be neglected,besides Song Dynasty.It constituted a portion of the multi-source of Ⅺ xia system.