公共图书馆法人治理结构探析——以美国弗吉尼亚州公共图书馆理事会为例

A Tentative Study of Corporate Governance of Public Libraries:Taking the Board of Trustees of Virginia Public Libraries as an Example

美国弗吉尼亚州境内90多家公共图书馆早在1950年起就陆续建立图书馆理事会。1999年审议通过《图书馆理事会手册》规定理事构成应由来自社会各界的代表,理事性质是公众的代言人,是一个能够充分吸收公众意见和需求的桥梁,体现的是利益相关方的共同治理。理事任命形成错位任命的格局,任期为4年。理事需要参加年度自我评估,以保证科学、高效、合理的理事会运作。理事会类型主要由两类,其管理运行公开化,议事决议民主、公平。理事会能够切实围绕实际工作中公共图书馆的管理权、决策权和监督权进行具体部署,保证了全州公共图书馆的科学发展和可持续运作。

From the 1950s, Virginia public libraries throughout the Commonwealth of Virginia have gradually established library board of trustees. Virginia Public Library Trustee Handbook, issued at 1999, stipulates that trustees should be constituted by citizens all over the society. As the speaker of public, board of trustees is regarded as a bridge to absorb public advice and needs, which reflects the corporate governance among interested parties. After the 4 years＇ staggered terms, trustees are required to attend the annual self-evaluation so that the board of trustees can operate and run scientifically, efficiently and reasonably. There are two types of boards in Virginia, by which the overall work of public libraries can be ensured and guaranteed thoroughly.