南京国民政府的太平天国历史叙事、塑造与传播

The Historical Narration of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Nanjing National Government

作为晚清社会的重大历史事件,太平天国深刻影响了中国近代的历史进程。对于太平天国的评价与叙事自晚清以来呈批判倾向,直至清末,以孙中山为首的新兴革命党人出于推翻清王朝的需要,对太平天国开展了不同形式的正面宣传活动。南京国民政府建立后,基于民族主义教育的目的,官方对太平天国的历史叙事基本持宣扬与肯定态度,将其追认为狭义的民族革命。通过地方的相关纪念和在民间的宣传建构,太平天国历史叙事的新形象被塑造且得到进一步传播。在国家话语的阐释下,太平天国的形象建构始终与特定的政治诉求相联系,历史事件被认同、简化甚或夸大,而民众关于历史事件的解读也因受政府引导、社会环境和知识水平的影响呈现多元化的趋势。

As the important case of the late Qing Dynasty, the history of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom deeply influenced the Chinese modem history. Since the late Qing Dynasty, there had been different negative understandings about the evaluation and narrative of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, until Sun Yat-sen and the revolutionists carried out various forms of positive propaganda and activities, based on the purposes of overthrow the Qing government. In the 1920s and 1930s, the Nanjing National Government showed its comprehensive judgment and summary about the history of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In its official opinion, this movement, out broken in 1850s, has been identified as the national revolution in some narrow degree. Since different individual architectonic knowledge and certain social economic background, the popular thought about the analysis of the history also presented multiplex changing. No matter what kind of political objectives they have, the ideology and politics of the government largely influenced the tendency about the objective imaging of historical events.