土地征收中的问题类型、解决途径及经验启示

Types of Problems in Land Expropriation,Solutions and Their Experiences and Lessons

土地征收在我国当前快速的工业化和城市化中难以避免。土地征收涉及到巨大的利益调整,实践中产生大量的问题,按照产生缘由的不同,可以将它们划分为生计型问题、分配型问题和治理型问题。为此,地方政府在土地征收过程中进行了针对性的探索,诸如为失地农民购买养老保险,充分发挥村民自治的功能,购买拆迁公司的社会化服务等,这些措施较好地化解了土地征收中出现的问题,但也还存在诸多需要继续完善的地方。在土地征收中,一方面随着经济的发展应不断提高征地拆迁补偿标准和完善补偿方式,另一方面基层政府政府应加强征地拆迁中的治理合法性和治理能力建设。

The land expropriation in China is hard to avoid in the current rapid industrialization and urbaniza- tion. Land expropriation involves huge benefit adjustment, producing a lot of problems in practice, which, accord- ing to different reasons, can be divided into types of livelihood problems, distribution problems and governance problems. To this end, the local government in the process of land expropriation has carried on corresponding ex- plorations, such as buying endowment insurance for landqosing farmers, giving full play to the function of the vil- lagers~ autonomy, purchasing social service from demolition companies and so on. These measures resolve well the problems in land expropriation, but there is much more to continuously improve. The enlightenment they show from the experience is that the local government should, on one hand, improve compensation standards and com- pensation modes in land expropriation along with the economic development, on the other hand, and strengthen the management of grass-roots government legitimacy and governance canahility.