“高水平集体化”方向的一种初步尝试——山东省东平县土地股份合作社探索

A Preliminary Attempt of“High Level of Collectivization”Direction——Take Land-share Cooperation in Dongping County of Shandong Province as Example

20世纪80年代,邓小平曾科学的预见我国农村集体经济的发展在家庭联产承包制之后还将出现一次"飞跃",即向着"高水平集体化"的方向发展,而对于如何实现这一"飞跃"却并没有给出明确的答案。2007年,党的十七大报告也明确提出要"探索集体经济的有效实现形式"。近年来,山东省东平县出现了若干以村为单位成立的土地股份合作社,并通过"经营权回归""管理权释放""合作式激励"等一系列创造性的制度设计,保障了合作社的发展和运行,初步形成了发展集体经济的"东平模式"。该模式虽不能称得上是理想状态中的"高水平集体化",但或可说是正在朝着该方向发展的一种初步尝试。

In 1980s, Deng Xiaoping scientifically predicted that, after the implementation of the household re- sponsibility system, there will be a ＂eap＂ for the rural collective economy which will develop in a direction of ＂high level of collectivization＂, but he did not make a specific description for how to realize such a ＂leap＂. In 2007, the Report on the 17th CPC National Congress also explicitly proposed to ＂explore effective forms of collective econo- my＂. In recent years, a number of villages in Dongping County, Shandong Province established a series of land stock cooperatives. By the measures of ＂returning the right of operation＂, ＂releasing the right of management＂, ＂cooperative incentives＂, they carried out a series of system designs to ensure the development and operation of co- operatives. The ＂Dongping Mode＂, for the development of collective economy, has been formed. Although this mode is not an ideal state of ＂high level of collectivization＂, it may be regarded as a preliminary attempt in this di- rection.