综合防护措施对模拟失重人员营养状况的影响

INFLUENCE OF DEFENSE MEASURES ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF SIMULATED WEIGHTLESSMESS PERSONNEL

目的调查综合防护措施对模拟失重人员的能量、营养素摄入和营养状况的影响,为制订合理的膳食食谱和营养素摄入量提供依据。方法采用头低位卧床方法模拟失重,将14名受试者随机分为头低位卧床对照组(C组)和头低位卧床+综合对抗措施组(E组),采用膳食调查和体格检查评价模拟失重人员的膳食营养状况。结果 C组和E组皮褶厚度和体质指数比较差异均无显著性;C组和E组在模拟失重初期热量摄入较低,中后期热量摄入逐渐增加,第28天E组热量摄入显著高于C组(P<0.05);2组能量摄入平均值都达到推荐摄入量(2800 kcal)的97%左右,满足推荐摄入量的要求;C组和E组蛋白质和矿物质的摄入量都满足推荐摄入量的要求,脂肪摄入量超过推荐摄入量的要求,碳水化合物和维生素摄入量较低。结论综合防护措施对模拟失重人员营养素和能量摄入影响较小,营养状况均较好,但三大营养素供热比不尽合理。

Objective To survey the influence of comprehensive defense measures on intake of energy and dietary nutriments, and nutritional status of simulated weightlessness personnel, so as to provide evidence for making advisable recipe. Methods Weightlessness was simulated with the method of bed-rest in a head down. Fourteen volunteers were randomly divided into bed-rest in a head-down control group（ group C）, bed-rest in a head-down with defense measures group （group E）. Nutritional assessment was measured by dietary survey and medical examination. Results The skinfold thickness and body mass index of volunteers were no significant differ- ence between group C and group E. The intake of energy was lower at the beginning of simulated weightlessness, then increased gradually during the middle and later of simulated weightlessness, as a result, the intake of energy of group E was significantly higher than that of group C at the 28th day. The average value of energy intake was about 97% of recommended intake （2800 kcal） in two groups, and met the needs of recommended intake. The intake of fat was higher than standard of recommended intake, the intake of energy, protein, and micronutrients was suffi- cient whereas the intake of carbohydrate and vitamin was insufficient in group C and group E. Conclusions Compre- hensive defense measures have a little influence on intake of dietary nutriments and energy of simulated weightless- ness personnel, nutritional status of simulated weightlessness personnel is fairly good, while the proportion of pro- tein, fat, and carbohydrate in dietary is not advisable.