蒙古语元音演变的声学语音学线索

Acoustic Phonetics Clues in the Evolution of Vowels of Mongolian

从声学语音学视角看蒙古语元音的演变问题,可以认为:圆、展唇元音的声学格局确定了它们的演变方向和方式;辅音发音方法影响元音舌位的高、低,而其发音部位影响元音舌位的前、后;后置辅音对其前置元音的影响相对大于前置辅音对其后置元音的影响;音位层面的关系是绝对的,而变体层面的关系是相对的;"阴阳对立"是蒙古语元音的一种属性,而"元音和谐律"是这种属性在具体语言中的表现形式。其中,属性层面的关系是绝对的,而规则层面的关系是相对的。

This paper discusses the issue of Mongolian vowel evolution from the perspective of acoustic phonetics. The main conclusions are as follows： 1） the acoustic patterns of rounded and unrounded vowels determine their evolution direction and way; 2） the consonant pronunciation method influences the height of the tongue position of vowels,and the consonant pronunciation position influences the front or back of the tongue position of vowels; 3） the influence of back consonants on front vowels is relatively greater than that of front consonants on back vowels; 4） the relationship at the phonematic level is absolute,while it is relative at the allophonic level; and 5） the＂tense and lax＂is an absolute property of Mongolian vowels,of which＂vowel harmony＂is the concrete manifestation in specific languages; and the relationship at the attribute level is absolute,while it is relative at the rule level.