三维模拟技术在游离腓骨瓣移植重建下颌骨缺损中的应用

Application of three-dimensional virtual technology in mandibular defects reconstruction with free fibular flap

目的 ：探讨在游离腓骨肌瓣移植修复下颌骨缺损过程中应用三维模拟技术（CAD/CAM）的方法。方法 ：对11例患者（成釉细胞瘤8例,骨化性纤维瘤1例,下颌牙龈癌2例）术前应用三维模拟技术进行模拟手术,利用快速成型机制作出与患者下颌骨实际大小和外形完全一致的实体模型和手术辅助导板,在模拟修复完成的下颌骨模型上预成形重建钛板。手术中,一组根据术前设计的截骨方案切除病变下颌骨;另一组利用辅助导板在不断蒂状态下对腓骨进行精确的分段截骨,将截开的腓骨段准确塑形后,用预成形重建钛板加以固定,待受区准备完成后断蒂移植。结果：11例患者移植的腓骨肌（皮）瓣均存活,术中移植腓骨所截取的长度合适,截骨、塑形、定位速度明显加快。术后随访1~24个月,影像学检查显示患者下颌骨重建形态及固位良好,颞下颌关节就位准确,口内检查剩余牙列咬合关系恢复正常。结论：在游离腓骨肌（皮）瓣移植修复下颌骨缺损中应用三维模拟技术,不仅能够降低手术难度与风险,节省手术时间,还可提高手术质量,保证手术效果。

PURPOSE： To present a method for mandibular defects reconstruction with free fibular flap by three-dimensional virtual technology. METHODS： In 11 patients（8 with ameloblastomas, 1 with ossifying fibroma, 2 with carcinoma of the mandibular gingiva）, three-dimensional virtual technology was simulated with software. The osteotomies were translated into rapid prototyping guides. The solid model of the mandible and the surgical guides were the same as the full size and the shape, and made by using rapid prototyping machine. During operation, the bridging plate could be pre-bended on the repaired mandibular model. One group resected the diseased mandibular according to the model of the osteotomy which was planned before operation, the other group used auxiliary guide for accurate osteotomy of the fibula bone with contact pedicle. The fibular segments were reshaped and fixed with prefabricated titanium plate, and transplanted into the defect for vascular anastomosis. RESULTS： All the bone flaps and osteocutaneous flaps survived.During operation, the fibula flap could be cut in appropriate length. Cutting, remodeling and reposition of the fibula could be accelerated by surgery guides. Postoperative follow-up was 1 to 24 months. Imaging examination showed that the shape of mandible and mandibular angle were good, and the temporomandibular joint and occlusion returned to normal.CONCLUSIONS： Three-dimensional virtual technology is useful in reconstruction of mandibular defect with vascularized fibular flap.